Hmm, I know bamboo won't grow past water, but that's like a stream or something. Since your pool is above ground, I'm not sure what would happen truthfully. I seriously doubt they would come up into your pool through the bottom liner, but maybe its possible they would shoot underneath the pool and you'd feel the rhizomes under the liner where the sand is. I really don't know. To be safe, you might want to put a raised barrier around the perimeter of the pool. Unless you don't mind bumpy liners. Not sure. Anyone have experience with this?

peachies-
If this were an in-ground, concrete pool, there would be no problem. However, it's entirely possible that they will come up under an aboveground pool and puncture the liner. How do I know? I went on a bamboo dig 2 years ago where a guy had bamboo planted next to his 40' diameter koi pond. In three years the bamboo had gone under his 60 mil liner and punctured it in multiple places. I don't usually believe in installing bamboo barrier because there are easier methods to control rhizomes...as long as you can get at them. In your case I would recommend putting in barrier or just having bamboo in large pots as a screen.

A clumping variety would simplify containment. "Fargesia rufa" is listed for being good down to -20°F, with a max height of 12'. The down side is that it likes shady places, and your pool is probably somewhere sunny.

FWIW, this does NOT come from personal experience. I found the Fargesia rufa info online, so maybe it's not THAT sensitive to strong sunlight, or maybe there's another type of clumper that will work.