Fargesia Rufa does very good for me in Northern Ky just 15 min south of Cincinnati, zone 6 I also have Fargesia Scabrida but its not as hardy as the rufa. Both Clumpers that will grow to about 10-14 ft tall. I also grow many(32) running bamboos. Mostly Phyllostachys species.

If you are worried about hardiness and want a tropical effect pick a spot where there are a lot of evergreen trees and shrubs providing wind protection and trapping the sun. Or plant new evergreen screening to get this effect, then develop your tropical garden after these have grown up enough to shelter it - this could take some years.

Good companions for bamboos are other broadleaved evergreen plants, including ones that creep along the ground like ivies. The dominance of broadleaved evergreens is also what distinguishes the tropical forest and other forest vegetation in warm climates. Otherwise, a common tendency when attempting to produce a tropical feeling in cold climates is to plant a lot of things with big (or otherwise noticeable) leaves. Many of these will also like to be out of the wind, so their big leaves will not be torn.

Some examples of the latter group:

Aralia
Catalpa
Gymnocladus
Idesia
Kalopanax
Magnolia macrophylla
Toona
Trachycarpus

The palm is also evergreen, but I don't know if it will persist where you are. There seems to be a tendency for it to be good to about 10 degrees F. or so.