You don't say what climate zone you are in or what the species of bamboo is. Assuming your summers are very warm to hot, you probably did not select the best time to transplant. I normally would recommend any transplanting of bamboo to be done in the spring (after they have pushed new growth and some new leaves but before real summer heat (90 F. plus). I think, however, that your bamboo will acclimate and in time grow new leaves. In the meantime, be patient and don't worry about defoliation (even it becomes total--there's still hope)! Good luck.

candu-
It's generally best to dig bamboo when it's mostly dormant...generally late fall to early spring. Once it's putting its energy into shooting, your chances of major shock increase substantially. All you can do now is to keep it well-watered and see if it makes a comeback. It may be several months before you know whether it will survive or not, and, in the meantime, it could even lose all of its leaves. Good luck.

Thanks so much for your replies...really appreciated! I had a feeling it was not a good time to move the plants...won't go into the whys. I'm not really sure what species of bamboo it is.