I wouldn't be too worried about the height issue. Alot of time when a bamboo is grown in a pot, it will never reach it's true size. Basically you are bonsai-ing a bamboo when it's grown in a pot.

Alot of bamboos can be grown inside. I always recommend people to get Indocalamus tessellatus (Big Leaved Bamboo) or Pseudosasa japonica (Arrow Bamboo), but Sasa, Sasaella, Bambusa, Phyllostachys, and even Otatea acuminata aztecorum (Mexican Weeping Bamboo) can be grown inside. The latter choice will need lots of lighting.