In my short experience with pipevines, they need height more than anything. I've found that they like my 6 and 1/2 foot tall chicken run fencing to climb up and also a 7' high trellis.

I have one that is in almost all shade, and its doing okay. Not fabulous, but enough to attract the butterflies.

How high is your picket fence?

Most of mine are growing on a 6' chained link fence in my garden, and they grow horizontally very well. They're growing in part sun/shade. I have some growing on the picket fence in my 'yard' but they haven't grown as well, being in deep shade. I strung wires from the top of the fence to the ground for them to attach to, since they need something smaller than a board to climb on. They climb by winding around the support, not by tendrils, like passionvines.

I don't think they're that particular. Just about any fence will do, as long as it's got some small enough parts for them to wind around.

Sherry

I had good luck growing pipevine up a wire I threw around my chimney and down the other side. It was a very sunny spot and the pipevine took over the lawn. It is now banished to a large pot so that I can keep it under control.
It made it through the St. Louis winter outside and came back.

I have my A. macrophylla growing in full sun on a 12-ft high wire fence and it's doing extremely well. It grows all sorts of directions. I had bought a 50-ft roll of wire fencing at Lowe's and cut it into 3 equal sections. Then I wired the ends of each section together to make 3 round sections and stacked them on top of each other and wired them together. The 12-ft high round fence that it made is around an old tree that had been cut down years ago. The pipevine is so thick that I can't even see the tree "stump" (it's about 8 feet high) much anymore. I think this is the fifth or sixth summer that I've had the pipevine.

I hadn't known whether or not I'd ever get Pipevine Swallowtails here, but they only took a couple of years to show up here and I raised them ever since. The vine hadn't put on substantial growth to feed a bunch of cats until then anyway. I was glad that the butterflies waited to start showing up here because otherwise I'd have worried about not having enough food for the cats to eat.

Like the others said, the A. macrophylla doesn't have tendrils to use to climb but instead wraps itself around something that's fairly small (e.g. the wire fencing).