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arauquoia

Paleobotany: Angle of sunlight and branch configuration

arauquoia
17 years ago

This from "IN THE GARDEN; From the Jurassic to the Patio" by ANNE RAVER in the N.Y. Times (February 8, 2007) on the Wollemi pine:

"I WENT to the Plant-O-Rama, the annual horticultural hoo-hah at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, in search of new plants two weeks ago, and fell in love with one of the oldest on earth: the Wollemi pine, which grew among the dinosaurs 200 million years ago.

"The three-footer was sitting in a pot at the edge of the Trail of Evolution at the Steinhardt Conservatory, where algae and liverworts, horsetails and club mosses -- early plants of the Paleozoic era -- lead to the ferns and cycads that flourished in the Jurassic period.

"'Nobody thinks about this, but the dinosaurs all died, and many of the plants that grew alongside them continued to evolve and live on this planet today,' said Scot D. Medbury, the president of the Brooklyn garden, as we stared at the potted pine sitting next to its cousins, a potted Norfolk Island pine, a prickly bunya-bunya and a hoop pine.

"'It's a cool thing to bring them together, a family reunion, in a sense,' Mr. Medbury said.

"The little potted Wollemi pine is so graceful, it appears to be dancing. Its blue-green needles are flat and smooth, and evenly spaced down either side of long, pendulous branches that extend toward the floor before turning up, ever so slightly, at the ends.

. . . .

"And those pendulous branches, lined with long flat needles, were that way for a reason: 'to get as much surface area as possible towards the light, which was very low in Gondwana,' Ms. Chandler said."

A couple of questions occur.

First, why was the light low in these primaeval times? Was there intense cloud cover, with direct light coming under the cover in morning and at dusk?

Second, note that other very old species (other than within the Araucariacae family) have a similar configuration. I'm thinking of the Cunninghamia. Are there others?

Third, when the light angle changed, why did these species not evolve further to be better adapted to the new angle?

Comments (6)

  • pineresin
    17 years ago

    Hi Arauquoia,

    What they're saying is a load of adult male cattle rear-end product . . . it's all just media hype to help sell the plant and/or raise money for those proposing it.

    There's no verified evidence for Jurassic (or any other fossil) Wollemia; there are some fossils that show some limited resemblance, but nothing that can definitely be considered ancestral, or even clearly related.

    Neither is the claim of low light levels true, except for the parts of the continent that were then at polar latitudes; even if it did apply, there's no reason why plants that were adapted to growing in polar conditions then should not evolve to increased light as the continent drifted away from the South Pole.

    On Cunninghamia, it hasn't ever been growing in polar regions that I'm aware of; no reason why its foliage shouldn't evolve either.

    Of other plants, a lot of cycads have leaflets with similar light-gathering form to leaves of Cunninghamia or Wollemia (or several other plants) - compare a Cycas revoluta leaf with a Wollemia shoot. Yet cycads generally grow (and as far as is known, always have) grown in areas with often very intense semi-desert light.

    Resin

  • pinetree30
    17 years ago

    The idea that branch configuration is related to light reception is intuitively appealing but empty in concept and lacking in evidence.Check out the variable geometries exhibited by different conifers (or even just different pines) that share the same habitat.
    Resin may be right about motive.

  • lucy
    17 years ago

    Isn't it possible certain trees were 'understory' (protected from strong sun by larger trees) and therefore adapted to lower light levels? Always thought that was a pretty reasonable idea (as it still holds true today for many) and not financially motivated...

  • Fledgeling_
    17 years ago

    pineresin, the assumption that cycads mostly grow in areas of very intense semi-desert light is incorrect. The genuses Chigua, Bowenia, Lepidozamia, and Zamia are composed primarilay of forest dwellers and many are vey tolerent of low light levels, as are many members in the genus cycas

  • arauquoia
    Original Author
    17 years ago

    Resin,

    Farjon at p. 63 writes that Cunninghamia is found in Antarctica from the Triassic.

  • noki
    17 years ago

    1) Antarctica was not always at the far "bottom" of the Earth, the continents have moved over time

    2) What is now the virtual "South Pole" has not always been the "South Pole", the axis moves over time

    3) Wouldn't you see similar evolutionary growth patterns in plants that are common today that live towards the upper Southern and Northern regions of the Earth compared to the tropical and sub-tropical areas? Or maybe not because the Earth is cooler I guess would be the theory.

    4)The Earth is thought to have had lower oxygen levels in the past... maybe this would be a more interesting conjecture as to how plants adapted to such different levels and also survived to today (if barely for some)... or maybe not interesting...

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