Which of the 2 species you think is more drought and heat tolerant? For a strange reason nursesy men in Greece are insisting that Abies pinsapo (and its varieties like marocana or tazaotana) is a species that is for colder climates and can't handle the heat here. Is this because they bring it always grafted onto Abies alba rootstock?

To my mind the logical answer is that pinsapo must demand more humidity maybe or higher elevation(but I have read that they succeed in Spain in gardens over 500 meters), but they also grow here Nordmann firs with great success, so why pinsapo must be a failure? Personally I consider Nordmann fir far more sensitive in drought and heat than pinsapo.

A second question is that when grafted firs create a strong central leader? Beacause most people use grafts from perimetric shoots and not from epicormic ones.