I am not sure how to exterminate your plant, but from what you described, I am pretty sure it is not a japanese maple, which its root system is not agressive. Or you can make good forturne by selling those sprouts otherwise. Too bad! ;0)

I would guess that you have a White Poplar, Populus alba. Does it have woolly white leaf undersides? If it were mine, I'd get rid of it. Nothing but problems.

It sounds like what we in Sweden call "Sumak" (Rhus vernicifera / Rhus vernix / Rhus silvestris ) which has real silky/furry trunks when young and spreads like wildfire throughout lawns etc. Although it looks nicely Asian it's very tough to keep in control. I have one in my garden - new shoots pop up continuously, both via root and airborne seed spreading.

I'm sure that your tree is American Sweetgum, Liquidambar styraciflus, the leaves look very similar to maple, amazing color at fall, but the seedpods are little balls, not the wings associated with maple. The roots run not too deep and send new shots.