It's possible but unlikely. You may want to try digging one up, very carefully so as not to slice into it if it's still there. If it's there and healthy looking, it may come up next spring. My guess is that more likely voles or some other critter hit the buffet line or the bulbs rotted. What is drainage like where they are planted? How much rain did you have or amount of watering done?

On the other hand I have dug down and found rotted, mushy bulbs and then had that particular lily show up three or so years later. Apparently a scale with a bit of basal plate attached survived.

It's highly unusual to plant 5 bulbs and not have a single one grow. Something definitely went wrong. I agree with hostaholic--check one. In fact, since Fall is setting in, I'd dig them all up and see--certainly won't hurt anything by doing that and if they still look good, simply replant--but odds are they're either rotted or eaten.

Keep in mind that liliums do not like overly rich soil and excess moisture. Planting in just plan ordinary garden dirt in a higher spot that's well drained works best. then once they're up and growing a little compost or commercial garden soil could be added as a lite mulch to feed them naturally from the top. Avoid potting soils of any kind.

thank you, will dig up and check.

If they were healthy bulbs when you planted them there will be a chance of them still being viable for next year. The summer was so incredibly hot that late planted lily bulbs didn't perform too well. They really like to sprout when the soil and air temps are cooler, and in really hot conditions they often get weak stem growth and distorted or no flowers. When I plant them late in the spring I always put them in part shade or pot them up and hold them in the shade, then plant them out as they start to bud. They don't mind some moisture up to the flowering stage, and as was mentioned, after that they like to be dry. So if your bulbs just aborted due to the heat, but weren't eaten or rotted by excessive watering they could still be okay, assuming they were healthy to start.