Suggest you visit your local library and check out Van Gelderens' Maples for Gardens. This is an excellent resource for the entire genus. Not as detailed as a monograph would be but it certainly addresses all the points you want and discusses the most popular cultivars on the market (with photos).

A much more efficient approach than an extremely lengthy online discussion would provide :-)

OMG.
I stopped by to see what tree someone might be discussing and my jaw dropped.

It would take 18 thousand pages to list all the varieties, and it still wouldn't really mean anything since height, growth rate, color, exposure, blah blah varies sometimes from neighborhood to neighborhood. Particularly around the edges of zones.

I picked up the book referenced above and loved it. I was pleased to see many of my maples in it. Oh - the thing to realize is that much of the info online is out of Oregon/Washington state, where growing conditions are optimal. Many web sites just copy that info, vs. what would apply in their own area.

I tend to look at nurseries south of GA (Metro maples in Texas, for example) for a hotter, less shaded condition. If someone says, "Sun/part shade" they probably can't speak of an experience with that particular maple. Because pretty much every single JM would be thrilled to be in that exposure. That's not life.