The inkberrys have a more open loose habit as compared to the boxwood. Also inkberrys prefer a wetter site and more acidic soil than boxwood. And yes you would need to have male/female for berries on ilex glabra. However I understand sexed glabras are difficult to find. Ie., other hollies like the meserve, etc., tend to have labeled male/female cultivars whereas any they are few and far between for the inkberry. Some will buy a whole pile with the hope that there's a mix. I did see one nursery website that lists cultivars called 'Pretty Boy' and 'Pretty Girl' that are supposedly sexed and are more compact in habit. If you want berries for the birds, you might do better with the native ilex verticillata as they tend to sell named male or female cultivars and these produce some amazing amounts of berries. The only "drawback" if you want to call it that, is that they are decidous.

Wow! After all these years, I'm still uncovering better information on Ilex x 'Virginia'. OK, so it turns out in 1960, a botanist by the name of W.F. Kosar at the US National Arboretum in DC, crossed Ilex integra (female) with Ilex x altaclerensis 'Hodginsii' (a male). The seedlings resulting from this cross were raised in a bed at the Arboretum. In 1993, Gene Eisenbeiss at the Arboretum, named his pick-of-the-litter 'Scepter'. It was introduced by the Arboretum. It can be obtained from only a few holly nurseries. The bed of hollies from the cross has since been bulldozed over, but not before a batch of plants from this cross were shared with the Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension Center, in Hampton Roads, Virginia. These were planted out and observed. One selection stood out for its form and fruit, and in 2009 it was named and introduced as Ilex x 'Virginia' by the 'Beautiful Gardens® Plant Introduction Program' in the state of Virginia. It has not been patented. It is being offered only by a small number of nurseries in the Mid-Atlantic is propagated primarily by one nursery. 'Virginia' looks very similar to 'Scepter' but is just a bit spinier. That's no reason not to grow it though. I would rate Ilex x 'Virginia' as a borderline 6b-7a plant in terms of hardiness. I've seen just a bit of tip dieback on a few branches after the last two winters in my 7a yard, whereas Scepter had no dieback. But Scepter had a bit of shelter from wind. Ilex x 'Virginia' - photo from 'Beautiful Gardens' website: http://www.beautifulgardens.org/plants/ilevir.html

What can I plant that is deer resistant? This list of deer resistant plants was compiled from Gardenweb postings and other sources. As you can see from the follow-up postings at the bottom of the list, RESISTANT is the key word. Deer can be quite the gourmets and yours may still be partial to some of the plants on this list. Deer that are hungry enough will eat everything bare from the ground up into the trees as high as they can reach. Many of the plants on this list are poisonous or medicinal. If a plant smells bad to you when you crush the leaf or stem, it probably smells just as bad to the deer. (P.S. Don't forget that rabbits, squirrels, groundhogs and other animals might be just as destructive as deer in your garden.) ANNUALS A Agastache foeniculum -- Anise Hyssop A Ageratum houstonianum -- Blue Floss Flower A Alternanthera ficoidea -- Josephs Coat A Angelonia angustifolia -- Angelonia A Antirrhinum majus -- Snapdragon A Asperula orientalis -- Annual Woodruff A Bidens ferulifolia -- Bidens A Brachycome iberidifolia -- Swan River Daisy A Calendula sp. -- Pot Marigold A Calibrachoa Hybrid -- Million Bells A Capsicum annuum -- Ornamental pepper A Catharanthus roseus -- Madagascar Vinca A Clarkia hybridus -- Four O'Clocks A Cleome hasslerana -- Spider Flower A Cleome serrulata - Bee plant A Coleus - A Coreopsis sp. -- Coreopsis A Cosmos bipinnatus -- Cosmos A Delphinium ajacis - Larkspur (annual Delphinium) A Felicia echinata -- Blue Marguerite A Gomphrena globosa -- Globe Amaranth A Gypsophila repens -- Baby's Breath A Helianthus annuus -- Common Sunflower A Helichrysum bracteatum -- Straw Flower A Hunnemania fumariifolia -- Mexican Tulip Poppy A Hypoestes phyllostachya -- Polka-Dot Plant A Impatiens balsama -- Balsam impatien A Ipomoea sp. -- Morning Glory A Lobularia maritima -- Sweet Alyssum A Matthiola incana -- Stock A Melampodium paludosum -- Butter Daisy A Nemesia strumosa -- Carnival Flower A Nicotiana alata -- Tobacco Flower A Nigella damascena -- Love-In-A-Mist A Oxypetalum caeruleum -- Southern Star A Papaver nudicaule -- Iceland Poppy A Papaver Rhoeas -- Corn Poppy A Papaver somniferum -- Opium Poppy A Phlox drummondii -- Annual Phlox A Polygonum capitatum -- Pinkhead Knotweed A Ricinus communis -- Castor Bean A Ruellia brittoniana A Ruellia nudiflora -- Wild Petunia A Senecio cineraria -- Dusty Miller A Tagetes erecta -- African Marigold A Tagetes lemmonii -- Copper Canyon Daisy A Tagetes lucida - Mexican Marigold A Tagetes patula -- French Marigold A Tagetes signata -- Signet Marigold A Tithonia diversifolia -- Mexican sunflower A Verbena bonariensis -- Verbena A Verbena rigida -- Verbena Vervain A Vinca rosea -- Madagascar periwinkle A Xeranthemum annuum -- Immortelle A Zinnia acerosa -- Native Zinnia A Zinnia angustifolia -- Star Zinnia A Zinnia grandiflora A Zinnia haageana -- Mexican Zinnia A Zinnia linearis -- Narrowleaf Zinnia BIENNIALS - may sometimes perennialize or reseed B Alcea rosea -- Hollyhock B Daucus carota - Queen Anne's Lace B Digitalis purpurea -- Foxglove B Digitalis sp. -- Perennial Foxglove B Myosotis sylvatica -- Forget-Me-Not FERNS F Adiantum pedatum -- Maiden Hair Fern F Cyrtomium falicatum -- Holly Fern F Dryopteris sp. -- Wood Fern F Matteuccia pennsylvanica -- Ostrich Fern F Woodwardia sp. -- Chain Fern GRASSES - perennial and annual G Acorus calamus -- Gardener's Grass G Andropogon gerardi -- Big Bluestem Grass G Bouteloua curtipendula -- Sideoats Grama Grass G Chasmanthium latifolium -- Inland Seaoats Grass G Festuca ovina 'glauca' -- Blue Fescue Grass G Lipidium montanum -- Western Peppergrass G Miscanthus sp. -- Ornamental Grass G Pennisetum orientale -- Fountain Grass G Pennisetum sp. -- Annual Fountain Grass G Schizachryium scoparium -- Little Bluestem Grass G Stipa tenuissima -- Feathergrass HERB - Annual HA Basil HA Borago officinalis -- Borage HA Chamomile HA Origanum spp. -- Marjoram HA Perilla frutescens -- Beefsteak Plant HERB - Perennial HP Allium schoenoprasum -- Chives HP Artemisia spp. -- Wormwood (or Sage) HP Cichorium intybus - Chicory HP Lavandula spp. -- Lavender HP Mentha spp. - Spearmints, peppermints, etc HP Nepeta spp. -- Catmint HP Rosmarinus officinalis -- Rosemary HP Santolina chamaecyparissus -- Silver Santolina HP Santolina virens -- Green Santolina HP Satureia spp. -- Savory HP Tanacetum vulgare -- Tansy HP Teucrium spp. -- Germander HP Thymus spp. -- Thyme PERENNIALS P Achillea filipendulina -- Fernleaf Yarrow P Achillea millefolium -- Common Yarrow P Aconitum sp. -- Monkshood P Ageratum sp. -- Perennial Ageraturm P Ajuga reptans -- Bugleweed P Alchemilla sp. -- Lady's Mantle P Allium sp. -- Flowering Onion P Alyssum saxatile -- Golden Alyssum P Amsonia illustris -- Showy Blue Star P Amsonia tabernaemontana -- Willow Amsonia P Anagallis monellii -- Pimpernel P Anaphalis triplinervis -- Pearly Everlasting P Anemone sp. -- Windflower P Anthemis tinctoria - Golden Marguerite P Apocynum androsaemilolium -- Dogbane P Aqueligia spp. -- Columbine P Arabis spp. -- Rock Cress P Argemone texana -- White Prickly Poppy P Arisaema spp. -- Jack-in-the-pulpit P Armeria maritima -- Sea Thrift P Artemisia ludoviciana -- White Sage P Asarum canadense -- Native ginger P Asarum europaeum -- European Wild Ginger P Aster spp. P Astilbe spp. P Aubretia sp. -- False Rockcress P Baptisia spp. -- False Indigo P Bergenia sp. -- Pigsqueak P Boltonia P Caltha palustris P Camassia spp. -- Quamash P Campanula carpatica -- Harebell P Campanula media -- Canterbury Bells P Centaurea spp. -- Knapweed P Centranthus ruber -- Jupiter's beard P Cerastium tomentosum -- Snow-In-Summer P Cheiranthus chieranthoides -- Wallflower P Chelidnium majus -- Celandine Poppy P Chelone spp. -- Turtlehead P Chrysanthemum P Chrysanthemum leucanthemum -- Ox-eye Daisy P Cimicifuga spp. -- Bugbane, Cohosh P Clematis recta -- Shrub clematis P Colchicum autumnale -- Autumn Crocus P Convallaria majus -- Lily-Of-The-Valley P Corydalis lutea -- Gold Bleeding Heart P Cynoglossum amabile -- Chinese Forget-Me-Not P Cynoglossum nervosum -- Houndstongue P Delphinium spp. -- Delphinium P Dianthus spp. -- Pinks P Dicentra spp. -- Bleeding Heart P Dictamnus albus -- White Gas Plant P Echinacea spp. - Cone Flowers P Echinops ritro -- Globe Thistle P Epimedium sp. -- Bishop's Hat P Equisetum arvense -- Horsetail P Eranthis hyemalis -- Winter Aconite P Erigeron modestus -- Plains Fleabane P Eupatorium coelestinum -- Mistflower P Eupatorium perforlifum -- Joe-Pye-Weed P Euphorbia marginata -- Snow-On-The-Mountain P Euphorbia spp. -- Spurge P Excium vulgare L. -- Viper's Bugloss P Filapendula spp. -- Meadowsweet P Fritillaria spp. -- Fritillary P Gaillardia pulchella -- Blanket Flower P Galanthus nivalis -- Common Snowdrop P Gaura lindheimeri P Geranium spp. -- Hardy Geraniums P Helenium sp. -- Helen's flower P Helianthus angustifolius -- Swamp Sunflower P Helleborus sp. -- Hellebore P Hepatica sp. -- P Heuchera sp. -- Coral Bells P Heucherella x (Heuchera x Tiarella) P Hyacinthoides sp. -- Spanish Bluebell and English Bluebell P Hyacithus orientalis -- Hyacinth P Hypericum sp. -- St. John's Wort P Inula helenium -- Elecampane P Iris sibirica,ensata -- Iris Japanese,Siberian, possibly beardeds P Lamium maculatum -- Deadnettle P Leucanthemum sp. -- Shasta daisy P Liatris sp. -- Gayfeather P Limonium latifolium -- Sea Lavender P Limonium sinuatum -- Statice P Linaria macroccana -- Toad Flax P Linum -- Flax P Linum sulcatum -- Yellow Prairie Flax P Liriope P Lobelia cardinalis - Red Cardinal Flower P Lobelia erinus -- Lobelia P Lobelia siphilitica - Blue Cardinal Flower P Lupinus sp. -- Lupine, Texas Bluebonnet P Lychnis chalcedonica -- Maltese cross P Lychnis sp. -- Rose Campion P Lycoris sp. -- Resurrection lily or Naked Lady P Macleaya cordata -- Plume Poppy P Melampodium leucanthum -- Blackfoot Daisy P Mertensia virginiana - Virginia bluebells P Mirabilis jalapa -- Four-o-clock or Marvel-of-Peru P Monarda sp. -- Bee Balm P Muscari sp. -- Grape Hyacinth P Narcissus sp. -- Narcissus & Daffodils P Oenothera sp. -- Evening Primrose P Ophiopogon japonica - Mondo Grass P Pachysandra sp. P Paeonia sp. -- Peony P Papaver orientale -- Oriental Poppy P Penstemon sp. -- Penstemon P Penstemon x gloxinoides -- Hybrid Penstemon P Perovskia atriplicifolia -- Russian Sage P Phlomis spp. P Phlox Paniculata -- Garden phlox P Physostegia virginiana -- Obedient Plant P Platycodon grandiflorus -- Balloon Flower P Polomium sp -- Jacobs Ladder P Polygonatum sp. -- Solomon's Seal P Potentilla fruticosa -- Bush Cinquefoil P Potentilla sp. P Pulmonaria sp. -- Lungwort P Pulsatilla vulgaris -- Pasque Flower P Ranunculus sp. -- Buttercups P Rudbeckia lacinata -- Goldenglow P Rudbeckia sp. -- Black-eyed Susan P Saponaria ocymoides -- Rock Soapwort P Saponaria officinalis -- Bouncing Bet P Scabiosa P Scutellaria seleniana -- Skullcap P Scutellaria suffrutescens -- Pink skullcap P Sedum kamtschaticum -- Yellow Stonecrop P Sempervivum sp. Hen and chickens (spiny varieties) P Sidalcea P Silene armeria P Solidago sp. -- Goldenrod P Stachys byzantina -- Lamb's Ear P Stachys coccinea -- Texas Betony P Symphytum spp. - Comfrey P Tiarella sp. -- P Trandescantia sp. -- P Tricyrtis sp. -- Toad Lily P Trillium sp. -- Trillium P Verbascum thapsus -- Common Mullein P Vinca minor -- Periwinkle P Viola sp -- some perennial violets, not pansies P Yucca sp. -- Yucca TENDER PERENNIALS -- act as annuals in zones 7,6,5, but can be overwintered indoors. Usually sold as annuals. TP Agapanthus spp. -- Lily of the Nile TP Agastache cana -- Perennial Agastache TP Agave leuchugilla -- Agave TP Agave scabra -- Century Plant TP Asparagus springerii -- Asparagus fern TP Begonia x semperflorens -- Wax Begonia TP Begonia x tuberhybrida -- Tuber Begonia TP Brugmansia spp. TP Brugmansia versicolor -- Angels Trumpet TP Caesalpinia gilliesii -- Bird of Paradise TP Dahlia sp. -- Dahlia TP Datura innoxia TP Datura meteloides -- Downy Thorn Apple TP Datura metheioldes TP Datura quercifolia TP Datura wrightii TP Hesperaloe paviflora -- Red Yucca TP Lantana camara -- Lantana TP Lantana montevidensis -- Weeping Lantana TP Osteospermum sp. -- African daisy TP Pelargonium sp. -- Geranium TP Pentas lanceolata -- Egyptian Star Cluster TP Plumbago auriculata -- Cape Plumbago TP Salvia azurea v.pitcheriii -- Pitcher Sage TP Salvia ballotaeflora -- Blue Shrub Sage TP Salvia chamaedryoides -- Gray Shrub Sage TP Salvia coccinea -- Flowering Sage TP Salvia discolor -- Silver Peruvian Sage TP Salvia farinacea -- Mealycup Sage TP Salvia greggii -- Autumn Sage TP Salvia guaranitica -- Bog Sage TP Salvia leucanthia -- Mexican Bush Sage TP Salvia lycioides -- Canyon Sage TP Salvia lyrata -- Lyre-leaf Sage TP Salvia patens -- Gentian Sage TP Salvia regla -- Mountain Sage TP Salvia roemeriana -- Cedar Sage TP Salvia sp. -- Perennial Salvia and Sages TP Salvia splendens -- Scarlet Sage TP Salvia uliginosa -- Bog Sage TP Salvia viridis -- Joseph Sage TP Zantedeschia aethiopica -- Calla Lily SHRUBS S Abelia x grandiflora -- Glossy Abelia S Amelanchier sp. -- Serviceberry S Amorpha fruticosa -- Indigobush S Arctostaphylos uva-ursi -- Bearberry S Berberis vulgaris -- Common Barberry (Caution: Invasive.) S Buddleia sp. -- Butterfly-Bush S Buxus sempervirens -- Common Boxwood S Callicarpa americana -- American Beautybush S Callicarpa japonica -- Japanese Beautyberry S Calluna sp. -- Heather S Calluna vulgaris -- Scotch Heather S Caryopteris sp. -- Blue Mist Caryopteris S Cephalanthus occidentalis -- Buttonbush S Chaenomeles sp. -- Flowering Quince S Clethra sp. -- Sweet Pepperbush S Cotoneaster apiculatus -- Cranberry Cotoneaster S Cotoneaster glaucophyllus S Cotoneaster horizontalis -- Rockspray Cotoneaster S Cotoneaster sp. -- Cotoneaster S Crataegus laevigata -- English Hawthorn S Crataegus sp. -- Hawthorn S Cytisus scoparius - Broom S Daphne x burkwoodi -- Daphne S Deutzia gracilis -- Slender Deutzia S Deutzia scabra -- Fuzzy Deutzia S Enkianthus campanulatus -- Redvein Enkianthus S Erica sp. -- Heather S Euonymus alatus -- Burning Bush S Ficus caria -- Common Fig S Forsythia sp. -- Forsythia S Hibiscus syriacus -- Rose of Sharon S Itea virginica -- Virginia Sweetspire S Kalmia latifolia -- Mountain Laurel S Kerria japonica -- Japanese Kerria S Kochia scoparia -- Burning Bush S Kolkwitzia amabilis -- Beautybush S Larrea tridentata -- Creosote Bush S Leucothoe fontanesiana -- Drooping Leucothoe S Ligustrum amurense -- Amur Privet S Ligustrum vulgare -- Privet S Lindera benzoin -- Spicebush S Mahonia aquifolium -- Oregon Grapeholly S Mahonia sp. -- Mahonia S Myrica sp. -- Bayberry S Nandina sp. S Pieris japonica -- Japanese Andromeda S Prunus caroliniana -- American Cherry Laurel S Pyracantha coccinea -- Scarlet Firethorn S Rhus aromatica -- Aromatic Sumac S Rhus virens -- Evergreen Sumac S Rosa spinosissima -- Scotch Rose S Sambacus canadensis -- Elderberry S Spiraea prunifolia -- Bridalwreath Spirea S Spiraea sp. -- Spirea S Spiraea x bumalda -- Bumald Spirea S Syringa sp. -- Lilac S Viburnum sp. TREES T Abies procera -- Noble Fir T Acer saccharinum -- Silver Maple T Aesculus arguta -- White Buckeye T Aesculus hippocastanum -- Horsechestnut T Aesculus pavia -- Red Buckeye T Asimina triloba -- Pawpaw T Betula lenta -- Sweet Birch T Betula papyrifera -- Paperbark Birch T Betula pendula -- European White Birch T Cercis canadensis -- Eastern Redbud T Chamaecyparis sp. -- False Cypress T Cornus kousa -- Kousa Dogwood T Cornus sericea -- Red-twig Dogwood T Cotinus coggygria -- Smoke Tree T Cotinus obovatus -- Smoke Tree T Cryptomeria japonica -- Japanese Cedar T Fagus sylvatica asplenifolia -- European Cutleaf Beech T Fagus sylvatica atropunicea -- European Copper Beech T Fagus sylvatica pendula -- European Weeping Beech T Fraxinus pennsylvanica -- Green Ash T Ginkgo biloba -- Maidenhair Tree T Ilex decidua -- Possum Haw T Ilex sp. -- Holly T Ilex vomitoria -- Yaupon Holly T Juniperus spp. T Juniperus virginiana -- Eastern Red Cedar T Koelreuteria paniculata -- Panicled Goldenraintree T Lagerstroemia sp. -- Crape Myrtle T Liquidambar styraciflua -- Sweetgum T Magnolia grandiflora T Malus spp. T Melia azedarach -- Chinaberry Tree T Metasequoia glyptostroboides -- Dawn Redwood T Picea abies -- Norway Spruce T Picea abies nidiformis -- Birds Nest Spruce T Picea glauca -- White Spruce T Picea pungens glauca -- Colorado Blue Spruce T Pinus elderica -- Afghan pine T Pinus nigra -- Austrian Pine T Pinus resinosa -- Red Pine T Pinus rigida -- Pitch Pine T Pinus strobus -- Eastern White Pine T Pinus sylvestris -- Scots Pine T Pistacia texenanus -- Texas Pistachio T Prunus persica -- Peach T Prunus spp. T Pyrus calleryana bradfordii -- Bradford Pear T Pyrus communis -- Common Pear T Quercus prinus -- Chestnut Oak T Quercus rubra -- Red Oak T Robinia hispida -- Rose acacia T Sassafras albidum -- Common Sassafras T Sciadopitys verticillata -- Umbrella Pine T Tamarix ramosissima -- Tamarisk T Taxodium distichum -- Bald Cypress T Tilia cordata -- Littleleaf Linden T Truja spp. -- Cedar T Vitex negundo -- Chastetree T Zelkova serrata -- Japanese Zelkova VINES V Bignonia capreolata -- Cross vine V Campsis radicans -- Trumpet Creeper V Clematis sp. V Ficus pumila -- Fig vine V Gelsemimum sempervirens -- Carolina Jasmine V Hydrangea anomala petiolaris -- Climbing Hydrangea V Lonicera semipervirens -- Trumpet Honeysuckle V Parthenocissus quinquefolia -- Virginia Creeper V Parthenocissus tricuspidata -- Boston Ivy V Wisteria floribunda -- Japanese Wisteria V Wisteria macrostachya UNKNOWNS These are plants from a list that was compiled for Texas. Many of these plants are unfamiliar to the Author -- any information about them appreciated. ? Actae pachpoda spp -- Baneberry ? Adonis annua -- Pheasant's Eye ? Allamanda cathartica ? Anisacanthus wrightii ? Anisodontea ? Antigonon leptopus ? Argemone mexicana -- Yellow Prickly Poppy ? Argemone sanguinea -- Rose Prickly Poppy ? Argyranthemum frutescens -- Butterfly daisy ? Aristida purpurea ? Asclepias asperula ? Asclepias linaria -- Pineleaf Milkweed ? Asclepias sublata ? Asclepias tuberosa -- Butterfly Weed ? Asclepias virdii -- Green Milkweed ? Baccharis halimifilia ? Baileya multiradiata -- Desert Marigold ? Berberis swaseyi -- Texas Barberry ? Bervberus trifoliolata ? Bucharest sarothroides ? Buchloe dactyliodes -- Buffalo Grass ? Calamagrostis x acutiflora -- Reed Grass ? Carduus nutans -- Nodding Thistle ? Carduus texanum -- Texas Thistle ? Cassia corymbosa - Common Tree Senna ? Cassia lindheimeriana -- Lindheimer Senna ? Cassia roemeriana - Two Leaved Senna ? Centaurea melitensis - Tocalote Thistle ? Centaurea texanum - Texas Thistle ? Centaurium beyrichii - Mountain Pink ? Cestrum nocturnum -- Night Blooming Jasmine ? Chrysanthemum mexicana ? Cirsium japonicum -- Sea Thistle ? Cladrastis kentukea -- Yellowwood ? Comptonia peregrina -- Sweet Fern ? Cooperia drummondii -- Rain Lily ? Cooperia pedunculata - Rain Lily ? Corydalis sempervirens ? Dalea frutescens -- Black Dalea ? Dalea greggii -- Gregg Dalea ? Dasylirion texanum ? Descuraninia pinnata ? Dyschoriste linearis ? Dyssodia pentachaeta ? Dyssodia setifolia v radiata ? Emilia javanica -- Tassel Flower ? Ericameria laricifolia ? Erthrina herbacea ? Erygium heterophyllum - Mexican Thistle ? Eryngium leavenworthii -- Eryngo ? Escholzia californica -- California poppy ? Eupatorium rugosum -- White Snakeroot ? Eupatorium wrightii -- White Mistflower ? Euphorbia antisyphilitica ? Euphorbia bicolor -- Snow-on-the-Prairie ? Europs spp. ? Eustoma grandiflora -- Lisianthius ? Evolvulus glomeratus -- Evolvulus ? Eysenhardtia texana -- Texas Kidneywood ? Flourensia cernua -- Tarbush ? Gloriosa supurba L. -- Gloriosa Lily ? Grindelia lanceolata ? Gutierezia sarothrea ? Habranthus texanus -- Copper Rain Lily ? Helenium amarum -- Bitterweed ? Helianthus maximilliani -- Maximilian's Sunflower ? Heterotheca latifolia -- Golden Aster ? Hymenoxys scaposa ? Iscoma wrightii ? Jasminum mesyni ? Jatropha cardiophylla ? Jatropha cuneata ? Jatropha dioica ? Lavatera trimestris -- Tree Mallow ? Leucophyllum frutescens ? Lithospermum incisum -- Fringed Puccoon ? Lycium andersonii ? Lycium berlandieri ? Lycium fremontii ? Lycium halimfolium ? Machaeranthera phyllocephala -- Camphor Daisy ? Machaeranthera tanaceifolia -- Tahoka Daisy ? Malvaviscus drummondii ? Merremia aurea -- Yellow Morning Glory ? Moluccella laevia -- Bells of Ireland ? Muhlenbergia capillaris ? Muhlenbergia dubia ? Muhlenbergia dubiodes ? Muhlenbergia lindheimeri ? Muhlenbergia rigens ? Nephrolepis -- Sword fern ? Nierembergia hippomanica -- Cup Flower ? Nyctagina capitata ? Oxytropis lambertii ? Palafoxia hookeriana ? Parkinsonia aculeata ? Parrotia persica -- Persian Parrotia ? Pectis angustifolia ? Perezia runcinata ? Perezia wrightii ? Phyla nodiflora v. incisa ? Physalis spp. -- Ground Cherry ? Physostegia intermedia ? Picradeniopsis spp. ? Pluchea camphorata -- Camphor Weed ? Pluchea purpurascens -- Marsh Fleabane ? Polaniaia uniglandulosa ? Poliomintha longifolia -- Mexican Oregano ? Polytaenia nuttallii ? Prionopsis ciliata ? Prospis glandulosa ? Psilostrophe tagetina ? Psoralea tenuiflora ? Pteridium auilinum ? Pteridium sp. -- Bracken ? Quincula lobata ? Sanvitalia procumbens -- Creeping Zinnia ? Sapindus drummondii -- Soapberry ? Senecio ampullaaceus -- Texas Squaw Weed ? Senecio jacobea -- Tansy Ragwort ? Senecio leucostachys -- Dusty Miller ? Silphium albifloum -- Rosin Weed ? Silphium simpsonii v.wrightii ? Solandra guttata ? Solandra spp. ? Solanum elaeanifolium -- Silver-leaved Nightshade ? Solanum jasminoides -- Potato Vine ? Solanum speudocapsicum -- Jerusalem Cherry ? Sophora secundiflora -- Texas Mountain Laurel ? Star Jasmine (Trachelospermum jasminoides) ? Stephanandra incisa -- Cutleaf Stephanandra ? Stewartia pseudocamellia -- Japanese Stewartia ? Symphoricarpos albus ? Symphoricarpos albus -- Common Snowberry ? Tecoma stans ? Tephorosia lindheimerie ? Thalictrum dasycarpum ? Thelesperma filifolium ? Thymophylla tenuiloba -- Dahlberg Daisy ? Ungnadia speciosa -- Mexican Buckeye ? Veratrum viride ? Verbena bipinnatifida -- Prairie Verbena ? Verbena peruviana -- Peruvian verbena ? Verbena sp, -- Verbena ? Verbena tenuisecta -- Moss verbena ? Verbesina enceliodies ? Verbesina virginia ? Vernonia baldwinii -- Western Ironweed ? Vernonia lindheimeri -- Woolly Ironweed ? Veronica incana -- Woody Veronica ? Viburnum rufidulum -- Rusty Blackhaw ? Viguiera denata ? Wedelia texana ? Xanthocephalum dracunculiodes ? Zexmania hispida Follow-Up Postings: *Posted by: LynnT Z6A MD (My Page) on Mon, May 13, 02 at 8:59 Great list! I was all ready to quibble and say that I thought Four-O'clocks were Mirabilis, not Clarkia, when I saw you'd got Mirabilis listed as Four-oclocks under annuals. The joy of common names! Have you ever grown clarkia? I understand they do OK here and are really attractive in part-shade. I can tell you from personal experience that deer do eat chelone when the hosta are all gone/protected. *Posted by: Periwinkles z6MD (My Page) on Fri, May 24, 02 at 11:25 The deer here love my Burning Bushes - Euonymous Alatus and also my Oakleaf Hydrangeas. They also eat the white pines, hostas, and even a Yew I thought was deer-proof! * Posted by: mtngirl z6VA (My Page) on Fri, May 24, 02 at 20:30 The deer eat our burning bushes, too. They also devoured a barberry, and hostas are out of the question. One day last winter we looked out our window and saw a doe eating birdseed out of one of our bird feeders! I think if they get hungry enough they will eat just about anything. * Posted by: Madgardenr z7WDC (My Page) on Fri, May 24, 02 at 21:56 I think it's right that if deer are hungry enough, they will eat anything. What's tasty is apparently a regional issue, also, so you might try checking your local (in my case, Maryland Cooperative Extension's Web site) extension service for a list of plants that are "deer candy" or avoided by deer in your area. I've had them nibble on Japanese white spiraea (Spiraea albiflora) and the usual tulip and hosta foliage. But recently I've had good experience with treating susceptible plants with Repellex (not ground-toxic, just tastes and smells repulsive) tablets and spray. * Posted by: dadahlia 5 PA (My Page) on Sun, May 26, 02 at 4:46 They have never touched my canna. * Posted by: hannah Z6 PA (My Page) on Sun, May 26, 02 at 11:16 Thanks for the list but, I beg to differ with Siberian & Japanese Iris being deer resistant...the little buggers walk right up to my front beds and systematically chomp off each bloom...nubs is what i'm left with...have to leave front flood lights on and that makes for a rough night's sleep, considering i don't like curtains. ..LOL * Posted by: dadahlia 5 PA (My Page) on Mon, May 27, 02 at 1:51 I have counted as many as twenty deer out there and they have never touched any of the iris or lilies. They prefer my neighbors grass. She has it professionally taken care of every week. I wish she would stop. Our yards are attached and they wander up this way frequently. Never touched my TB, siberian or lilies. * Posted by: Elaine8 PNW-Zone 8-Wa (My Page) on Mon, May 27, 02 at 5:59 In Washington State, the Deer love Heuchera (Any kind). Wouldn't it be the same in other areas? * Posted by: razmataz z7 VA (My Page) on Sun, Aug 11, 02 at 22:12 What a find! Thank you so much. Moved from California to Virginia last year, so much to learn! Deer are different in different areas. For example mule deer in CA usually won't touch impatiens, but white tail in VA LOVE it. All of them will resort to anything in a drought years. * Posted by: whinny z7 NJ (My Page) on Tue, Aug 13, 02 at 19:40 I noticed that the young deer will try just about anything, so while they may not like it, they may destroy a valued plant while sampling it. I spent a lot of money to fence in my back yard. The only sure way. (I hope) Also, they won't eat my iris, but they eat certain daylilies, but not others.

Fringed Bleeding Heart Here's a list of plants to try for the middle zones of 5, 6, and 7. The weather is less extreme during Winter and Summer than the other regions. Many, many plants will thrive and grow in this temperate climate. As alway, please do a bit of research to assure that the plants you would like to Winter Sow are appropriate for your zone and climate, and if you're ever unsure then do hold back some seeds to start indoors. Trudi =========== Abronia fragrans - sand verbena Abronia villosa - desert sand verbena Acacia angustissima - whiteball acacia Acer grandidentatum - bigtooth maple Acer leucoderme - chalk maple Acer negundo - box elder Acer pensylvanicum - striped maple Acer rubrum - red maple Acer saccharinum - silver maple Acer saccharum - sugar maple Aconitum columbianum - Columbian monkshood Actaea pachypoda - white baneberry Actaea racemosa var. racemosa - black cohosh Actea rubra - red baneberry Aesculus glabra - Ohio buckeye Aesculus glabra var. arguta - Texas buckeye Aesculus pavia var. pavia - red buckeye Agarista populifolia - Florida hobblebush Ageratina altissima var. altissima - white snakeroot Ageratina havanensis - Havana snakeroot Aletris farinosa - white colic-root Allium canadense - meadow garlic Allium cernuum - nodding onion Allium stellatum - prairie onion Allium tricoccum - wild leek Allium validum - swamp onion Alnus serrulata - brookside alder Alnus viridis ssp. crispa - green alder Amelanchier alnifolia - Saskatoon serviceberry Amelanchier canandensis - Canadian service berry Amelanchier laevis - Allegheny service-berry Amianthium muscitoxicum - crow poison Amorpha fruticosa - false indigo-bush Ampelopsis arborea - peppervine Amsonia ciliata - fringed bluestar Amsonia tabernaemontana - eastern bluestar Anaphalis margaritacea - pearly everlasting Andropogon gerardii - big bluestem Andropogon glomeratus - bushy bluestem Andropogon ternarius - split-beard bluestem Andropogon virginicus - broom-sedge Anemone canadensis - Canada anemone Anemone caroliniana - Carolina anemone Anemone cylindrica- long-head thimbleweed Anemone multifida - Pacific anemone Anemone quinquefolia - wood anemone Anemone virginiana - tall anemone Anemopsis californica - yerba mansa Aniscanthus quadrifidus var. wrightii - flame acanthus Antennaria ssp. - pussytoes Aphanostephus skirrhobasis - Arkansas doze-daisy Apocynum androsaemifolium - spreading dogbane Apocynum cannabinum - Indian hemp Aquilegia caerulea - Rocky Mountain columbine Aquilegia canadensis - red columbine Aquilegia chrysantha - golden columbine Aquilegia flavenescens - yellow columbine Aquilegia formosa - scarlet columbine Aralia nudicaulis - wild sarsparilla Aralia racemosa - American spikenard Aralia spinosa - devil's walkingstick Arctostaphylos alpina - black bearberry Arctostaphylos patula - green-leaf manzanita Arctostaphylos uva-ursi - red bearberry Argemone albiflora ssp. texana - white prickly poppy Argemone munita - flat-bud prickly poppy Arisaema draconitium - greendragon Arisaema triphyllum - jack-in-the-pulpit Arnica cordifolia - heart-leaf arnica Arnica latifolia - daffodil arnica Artemisia filifolia - silver sagebrush Artemisia frigida - prairie sagebrush Aruncus dioicus - goatsbeard Aruncus dioicus var. vulgaris - sylvan goatsbeard Asarum canadense - Canadian wild ginger Asclepias asperula - antelope horns Asclepias fascicularis - narrow-leaf milkweed Asclepias humistrata - sandhill milkweed Asclepias incarnata - swamp milkweed Asclepias lanceolata - red milkweed Asclepias speciosa - showy milkweed Asclepias sullivantii - prairie milkweed Asclepias tuberosa - butterfly milkweed Asclepias verticillata - whorled milkweed Asimina triloba - common pawpaw Astragalus canadensis - Canadian milk-vetch Atriplex canascens - four-wing saltbrush Baptisia alba - white wild indigo Baptisia australis - blue wild indigo Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea - plains wild indigo Baccharis halimifolia - sea willow Baccharis salicifolia - seep willow Bacopa monnieri - water hyssop Baileya multiradiata - showy desert marigold Balsamorhiza hookeri - hairy balsamroot Balsamorhiza sagittata - arrow-leaf balsamroot Baptisia alba - white wild indigo Baptisia australis - blue wild indigo Baptisia bracteata var. leucophaea - plains wild indigo Berlandiera lyrata - lyre-leaf greeneyes Betula nigra - river birch Betula papyrifera - paper birch Betula populifolia - grey birch Bignonia capreolata - crossvine Blephilia ciliata - downy pagoda-plant Borrichia frutescens - bushy seaside-tansy Bouteloua curtipendula - side-oats grama Bouteloua eriopoda - black grama Bouteloua gracillis - blue grama Bouteloua hirsuta - hairy grama Bouvardia ternifolia - firecracker-bush Bromus kalmi - prairie brome Buchloe dactyloides - buffalo grass Calla palustris - water dragon Callicarpa americana - American beauty-berry Callirhoe alcaeoides - pink poppy-mallow Callirhoe digitata - finger poppy-mallow Callirhoe involucrata - purple poppy-mallow Callirhoe papaver - woodland poppy-mallow Calochortus kennedyi - red mariposa-lily Calochortus macrocarpus - sagebrush mariposa-lily Calochortus nuttallii - mariposa lily Caltha palustris - yellow marsh-marigold Caltha leptosepala - white marsh-marigold Calycanthus floridus - Carolina allspice Calyophus berlandieri - squarebud primrose Calyophus lavandulifolius - lavender-leaf primrose Calylophus serrulatus - yellow evening primrose Camassia quamash - common camas Camassia scilloides - Atlantic camas Campanula rotundifolia - bluebell-of-Scotland Campanulastrum americanum - American bellflower Campsis radicans - trumpet vine Cardamine concatenata - cut-leaf toothwort Cardamine diphylla - two-leaved cutwort Carex stipata - stalk-grain sedge Carpinus caroliniana - American hornbeam Carya alba - mockernut hickory Carya illinioense - pecan Carya ovata - shag-bark hickory Castanea pumila - Allegheny Chinkapin Castilleja applegatei ssp. martini - desert paintbrush Castilleja coccinea - scarlet Indian paintbrush Castilleja indivisa - entire-leaf Indian paintbrush Castilleja integra - squawfeather Castilleja linariifolia - Wyoming Indian paintbrush Castilleja miniata - meadow paintbrush Castilleja rhexiifolia - rosy Indian paintbrush Castilleja sessiliflora- Great Plains Indian paintbrush Caulophyllum thalictroides - blue cohosh Catalpa speciosa - northern catalpa Caulophyllum thalictoides - blue cohosh Ceanothus americanus - New Jersey tea Ceanothus greggii var. vestitus - desert ceanothus Ceanothus herbaceus - prairie redroot Ceanothus velutinus - tobacco-brush Celtis laevigata - sugarberry Celtis occidentalis - common hackberry Centaurea americana - American basket-flower Cephalanthus occidentalis - common buttonbush Cercis canadensis - redbud Cercis canadensis var. texensis - Texas redbud Cercocarpus montanus - mountain mahogany Chamaecrista fasciculata - partridge pea Chamaecrista nicitans - sensitive pea Chamaelirium luteum - fairywand Chamerion angusitfolium ssp. angustifolium - willow herb Chamerion latifolium - dwarf fireweed Chasmanthium latifolium - Indian wood-oats Chelone glabra - white turtlehead Chilopsis linearis - desert willow Chionanthus virginicus - white fringetree Chrysogonum virginianum - green-and-gold Chrysopsis mariana - Marland golden-aster Claytonia caroliniana - Carolina springbeauty Claytonia lanceolata - lance-leaf springbeauty Claytonia virginica - springbeauty Clematis columbiana - purple virgin's-bower Clematis crispa - swamp leather-flower Clematis hirsutissima - sugarbowls Clematis occidentalis var. occidentalis - purple clematis Clematis pitcheri - bluebill Clematis virginiana - virgin's bower Cleome lutea - yellow beeplant Cleome serrulata - Rocky Mountain beeplant Clethra acuminata - mountain sweet-pepperbush Clethra alnifolia - summer sweet Clintonia borealis - yellow bluebead-lily Clintonia umbellulata - white bluebead-lily Cocculus carolinus - Carolina coralbead Collinsonia canadensis - citronella horsebalm Collomia linearis - narrow-leaf mountain trumpet Commelina erecta - white-mouth dayflower Comptonia peregrina - sweet-fern Conoclinium coelestinum - blue mistflower Cooperia drummondii - evening rain-lily Coptis trifolia - three-leaf goldthread Coreopsis auriculata - lobed tickseed Coreopsis gladiata - coastal tickseed Coreopsis grandiflora - large-flower tickseed Coreopsis lanceolata - lance-leaf tickseed Coreopsis palmata - stiff tickseed Coreopsis tintctoria - golden tickseed Coreopsis tripteris - tall tickseed Coreopsis verticilliata - whorled tickseed Cornus alternifolia - alternate-leaf dogwood Cornus canadensis - Canadian bunchberry Cornus drummondii - rough-leaf dogwood Cornus florida - flowering dogwood Cornus racemosa - gray dogwood Cornus sericea - red-twig dogwood Corydalis sempervirens - pale corydalis Cotinus obovatus - American smoketree Crataegus marshallii - parsley hawthorn Crataegus mollis - downy hawthorn Crataegus opaca - river-flat hawthorn Crataegus phaenopyrum - Washington hawthorn Cyrilla racemiflora - swamp titi Dalea candida var. candida - white prarie-clover Dalea formosa - featherplume Dalea frutescens - black prairie-clover Dalea purpurea var. purpurea - purple prairie-clover Dasiphora fruiticosa ssp. floribunda - golden hardhack Decodon verticillatus - swamp loosestrife Delphinium barbeyi - subalpine larkspur Delphinium carolinanum - Carolina larkspur Delphinium carolianum ssp. virescens - prairie larkspur Delphinium glaucum - tower larkspur Delphinium nuttallianum - two-lobe larkspur Delphinium parishii - ocean-blue larkspur Delphinium scaposusm - bare-stem larkspur Delphinium tricorne - dwarf larkspur Desmanthus illinoensis - prairie bundle-flower Desmodium canadense - showy tick-trefoil Desmodium illinoense - Illinoise tick-trefoil Dicentra canadensis - squirrel corn Dicentra cucullaria - dutchman's-breeches Dicentra eximia - fringed bleedingheart Dichelostemma capitatum ssp. capitatum - wild hyacinth Diervilla sessilifolia - southern bush-honeysuckle Dimorphocarpa wislizeni - spectacle pod Diospryros virginiana - common persimmon Dodecatheon amethystinum - amethyst shooting star Dodecatheon jeffreyi - tall mountain shootingstar Dodecatheon meadia - shooting star Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata - flat-top aster Dracopis amplexicaulis - clasping coneflower Dryas octopetala - white mountain avens Dyssodia ssp. - dyssodia Echinacea angustifolia - narrow-leaved purple coneflower Echinacea pallida - pale purple coneflower Echinacea paradoxa - yellow coneflower Echinacea purpurea - eastern purple coneflower Echinocereus engelmannii - strawberry cactus Echinocereus fendleri - pink-flower hedgehog cactus Elaeagnus cummutata - wolf willow Elymus canadensis - Canadian wild rye Empetrum nigrum - black crowberry Encelia farinosa - brittlebush Engelmannia peristenia - Engelmann's daisy Epigaea repens - trailing arbutus Epilobium canum ssp. latifolium - hummingbird trumpet Epilobium obcordatum - rockfrunge Ericameria nauseosa ssp. nauseosa var. nauseosa - rabbitbrush Erigeron compositus - dwarf mountain fleabane Erigeron divergens - spreading fleabane Erigeron modestus - prairie fleabane Erigeron peregrinus - coastal fleabane Erigeron pulchellus - robin's plantain Erigeron speciosus - aspen fleabane Eriogonum douglassi - Douglas' wild buckwheat Eriogonum inflatum - Indian pipeweed Eriogonum umbellatum - sulfur-flower wild buckwheat Eriophyllum lanatum - Oregon sunshine Erodium texanum - Texas stork's-bill Eryngium leavenworthii - Leavenworth's enrygo Eryngium yuccifolium - button snakeroot Erysimum capitatum - prairie rocket Erythrina herbacea - red cardinal Erythronium albidum var. albidum - white trout lily Erythronium americanum - american trout lily Erythronium grandiflorum - dogtooth violet Escholzia californica ssp. meixcana - Mexican gold poppy Eucephalus ledophyllus var. ledophyllus - Cascade wayside-aster Eunonymus americana - American strawberry-bush Eunonymus atropurpurea - burning bush Eunonymus obovata - running strawberry-bush Eupatorium fistulosum - joe-pye-weed Eupatorium maculatum - spotted joe-pye-weed Eupatorium perfoliatum - common joe-pye-weed Eupatorium purpureum - sweet scented joe-pye-weed Eupatorium occidentale - western thoroughwort Euphorbia corollata - flowering spurge Euphorbia maculatum - spotted joe-pye-weed Euphorbia marginata - snow-on-the- mountain Eurybia macrophyllus - large leaf wood-aster Eurybia sibirica - Siberian wood-aster Eustoma exaltatum ssp. russellianum - prairie gentian Euthamia graminifolia - flat-top goldenrod Fagus grandifolia - American beech Fallugia paradoxa - Apache plume Fendlera rupicola - false mock orange Filipendula rubra - queen-of-the-prairie Forestirera pubescens var. pubescens - desert olive Fothergilla gardenii - dwarf witch-alder Fragaria virginiana - wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana ssp. platypetala - western alpine strawberry Frangula caroliniana - Carolina false buckthorn Fraxinus americana - white ash Fraxinus pennsylvanica - green ash Fritillaria pudica - yellow missionbells Frittilaria recurva - scarlet missionbells Gaillardia aestivalis var. aestivalis - parairie gaillardia Gaillardia aristata - great blanket-flower Gaillardia arizonica - Arizona blanket-flower Gaillardia pinnatifida - yellow gailliardia Gaillardia pulchella - Indian blanket Gaillardia suavis - rayless gaillardia Galium boreale - northern bedstraw Galium triflorum - fragrant bedstraw Gaultheria procumbens - eastern teaberry Gaura biennis - biennial gaura Gaura coccinea - scarlet gaura Gaylussacia baccata - black huckleberry Gelsemium sempervirens - Carolina jessamine Gentiana andrewsii - closed bottle gentian Gentiana calycosa - Rainier pleated gentian Gentiana clausa - bottle gentian Gentiana parryi - Parry's gentian Gentiana saponaria - soapwort gentian Gentianopsis crinita - greater fringed-gentian Geranium carolinianum - Carolina cranesbill Geranium maculatum - spotted cranesbill Geranium viscosissimum - sticky wild geranium Geum rivale - water avens Geum triflorum - prairie smoke Glandularia bipinnatifida var. bipinnatifida - prairie vervain Gleditsia triacanthos - honey locust Glycyrrhiza lepidota - American licorice Grayia spinosa - spiny hop-sage Gutierrezia sarothrae - broom snakeweed Gymnocladus dioicus - Kentucky coffee tree Halesia diptera - American snowdrop tree Hamamelis virginiana - American witch hazel Hedyotis nigricans - bluets Helenium autumnale - fall sneezeweed Helianthus annuus - common sunflower Helianthus debilis - cucumber-leaf sunflower Helianthus giganteus - giant sunflower Helianthus maximilliani - Maximillion sunflower Helianthus paucilflorus ssp. paucilflorus - stiff sunflower Helianthus petiolaris - prairie sunflower Helianthus strumosus - woodland sunflower Helianthus tuberosus - Jerusalem artichoke Heliomeris multiflora var. multiflora - showy false goldeneye Heliopsis helinathoides - ox-eye sunflower Hepatica nobilis var. acuta - sharp-lobed hepatica Hepatica nobilis var. obtusa - round-lobed hepatica Heterotheca villosa var. villosa - golden-aster Heuchera americana - American alumroot Heuchera parviflora - little-leaf alumroot Heuchera rubescens - red alumroot Heuchera villosa - hairy alumroot Hexastylis arifolia var. arifolia - heart-leaf ginger Hexastylis shuttleworthii var. shuttleworthii - Shuttleworth's ginger Hibiscus denudatus - rock hibiscus Hibiscus moscheutos - crimson-eyed rose-mallow Hibiscus moscheutos ssp. lasiocarpos - rose-mallow Holodiscus dumosus - glandular oceanspray Houstonia caerulea - innocence Houstonia procumbens - round-leaf bluets Hydrangea arborescens - wild hydrangea Hydrastis canadensis - goldenseal Hydrophyllum virginianum - Virginia waterleaf Hymenocallis caroliniana- Carolina spider-lily Hymenopappus artemisiifolius - woolly white Hymenoxys hoopesii - orange sneezeweed Hypericum hypericoides ssp. hypericoides - Saint Andrew's cross Hypericum prolificum - shrubby St. John's-wort Hypoxis hirsuta - eastern yellow star-grass Ilex decidua - deciduous holly Ilex opaca - American holly Ilex verticillata - common winterberry Ilex vomitoria - yaupon Iliamna rivularis - streambank wild hollyhock Ipomoea leptophylla - bush morning-glory Ipomosis aggregata ssp. aggragata - scarlet gilia Jeffersonia diphylla - twinleaf Juglans micropcarpa - little walnut Juglans nigra - black walnut Kalmia angustilfolia - sheep laurel Kalmia latifolia - mountain laurel Kalmia polifolia - swamp laurel Koeleria macrantha - prairie koeler's grass Kosteletzkya virginica - seashore mallow Krascheninnikovia lanata - winterfat Larrea tridentata - creososte bush Layia glandulosa - white tidytips Leckiella brevifolia - gaping bush-beardtongue Ledum groenlandicum - rusty Labrador-tea Leersia oryzoides - rice cut grass Leiophyllum buxifolium - sand myrtle Lepidium montanum - mountain pepperwort Lesquerella fendleri - Fendler's bladderpod Lesquerella gordonii - Gordon's bladderpod Lesquerella gracillis - spreading bladderpod Leucothoe fontanesiana - highland doghobble Lewisia rediviva - Oregon bitter-root Liatris aspera - tall gayfeather Liatris elegans - pink scale gayfeather Liatris mucronata - cusp gayfeather Liatris punctata - dotted gayfeather Liatris pycnostachya - prairie blazingstar Liatris spicata - dense gayfeather Liatris squarrosa - scaly gayfeather Lilium canadense - Canadian lily Lilium catesbaei - southern red lily Lilium michauxii - Carolina lily Lilium michiganense - Michigan lily Lilium phildephicum - wood lily Lindera benzoin - northern spicebush Lindheimera texana - Texas yellowstar Linnaea borealis - American twinflower Linum lewisii var. lewisii - blue flax Linum rigidum - large-flwered yellow flax Liquidambar styraciflua - sweet gum Liriodendron tulipifera - tulip tree Lithospermum canescens - hoary puccoon Lithospermum caroliniense - hairy puccoon Lithospermum incisum - friged gromwell Lobelia cardinalis - Cardinal flower Lobelia glandulosa - glade lobelia Lobelia spicata - pale-spike lobelia Lobelia siphilitica - great blue lobelia Lobelia spicata - pale-spike lobelia Lonicera albiflora - white honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata - four-line honeysuckle Lonicera sempervirens - coral honeysuckle Lupinus breweri - matted lupine Lupinus caudatus - Kellogg's spurred lupine Lupinus concinnus - Bajada lupine Lupinus perennis - wild lupine Lupinus polyphyllus - meadow lupine Lupinus sericeus - Pursh's silky lupine Lysimachia ciliata - fringed yellow-loosestrife Lysimachia quadrifolia - prairie loosestrife Machaeranthera tanacetifolia - Tahoka daisy Magnolia grandiflora - southern magnolia Magnolia tripetala - umbrella magnolia Magnolia virginiana - sweet-bay Mahonia repens - creeping Oregon-grape Maianthemum canadense - Canadian mayflower Maianthemum dilatatum - two-leaf false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. racemosum - false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum - starry false Solomon's-seal Malus ioensis - prairie crabapple Marshallia casepitosa var. caespitosa - Barbara's buttons Melampodium leucanthum - blackfoot daisy Mentzelia laevicaulis - giant blazingstar Menyanthes trifoliata - buck-bean Mertensia ciliata - mountain bluebells Mertensia virginica - Virginia bluebells Mimosa borealis - pink mimosa Mimosa microphylla - little-leaf mimosa Mimulus bigelovii - yellow-throat monkey-flower Mimulus cardinalis - scarlet monkey-flower Mimulus guttates - golden monkey-flower Mimulus lewisii - great purple monkey-flower Mimulus primuloides - yellow creeping monkey-flower Mimosa microphylla - little-leaf mimosa Minuartia obtusiloba - alpine stitchwort Mirabilis multiflora - Colorado four-o-clock Mitchella repens - partridge berry Mitella diphylla - two-leaf bishop's-cap Monarda citirodora - lemon beebalm Monarda didyma - scarlet beebalm Monarda fistulosa - Oswego tea Monarda punctata ssp. punctata var. villicaulis - horsemint Monardella odoratissima - mountain pennyroyal Morella cerifera - southern bayberry Morella pensylvanica - northern bayberry Muhlenbergia capillaris - Gulf muhly Muhlenbergia reverchonii - seep muhly Myositus asiatica - Asian forget-me-not Myrica gale - sweetgale Napaea dioica - glade mallow Nemophila phaecelioides - large-flower baby-blue-eyes Nolina microcarpa - Sacahuista bear-grass Nolina texana - Texas bear-grass Nuphar lutea - cow-lily Nuphar lutea ssp. polysepala - pond-lily Nymphaea odorata - American white water-lily Nyssa sylvatica - black gum Oenothera albicaulis - pale evening primrose Oenothera biennis - common evening primrose Oenothera brachycarpa - short-fruit evening primrose Oenothera caespitosa - tufted envening primrose Oenothera deltoides - desert evening primrose Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri - giant evening primrose Oenothera flava - long-tube evening primrose Oenothera fruiticosa - narrow-leaf evening primrose Oenothera macrocarpa - big-fruit evening primrose Oenothera nuttallii - Nuttall's evening primrose Oenothera primiveris - desert evening primrose Oenothera rhombipetala - diamond-petal evening primrose Oenothera speciosa - pink evening-primrose Oligoneuron rigidum var. rigidum - stiff goldenrod Opuntia acanthocarpa - staghorn cholla Opuntia basilaris - beaver-tail cactus Opuntia humifusa - prickly pear Opuntia imbricata - tree cholla Opuntia leptocaulis- christmas cholla Opuntia phaeacantha - purple-fruited prickly pear Opuntia polycantha - plains prickly-pear Orontium aquaticum - goldenclub Ostrya viginiana - eastern hop-hornbeam Oxydendrum arboreum - sourwood Pachysandra procumbens - mountain spurge Packera aurea - golden ragwort Packera cana - gray ragwort Packera glabella - cress-leaf groundsel Packera obovata - round-leaf groundsel Packera paupercula - northern ragwort Packera plattensis - prairie ragwort Panicum virgatum - wand panic grass Parthenium incanum - mariola Parthenium integrifolium - wild quinine Parthenocissus quinquefolia - Virginia creeper Passiflora incarnata - purple passion-flower Passiflora lutea - yellow passion-flower Pectis angustifolia - lemonscent Pedulicaris groenlandica - bull elephant's-head Penstemon albidus - red-line penstemon Penstemon ambiguus - pink plains beardtongue Penstemon angustifolius - broadbeard beardtongue Penstemon australis - Eustis Lake beardtongue Penstemon barbatus - beardlip beartongue Pentemon buckleyi - Buckley's beardtongue Penstemon canescens - eastern gray beardtongue Penstemon cobaea - cobaea beardtongue Penstemon davidsonii - timberline beardtongue Penstemon deustus - hot-rock beardtongue Penstemon digitalis - foxglove penstemon Penstemon eatonii - firecracker penstemon Penstemon fendleri - Fendler's beardtongue Penstemon gracilis - slender penstemon Penstemon grandiflorus - large-leaved penstemon Penstemon hirsutus - hairy beardtongue Penstemon jamesii - James' beardtongue Penstemon laetus - western gray beardtongue Penstemon murrayanus - scarlet beardtongue Penstemon pallidus - pale beardtongue Penstemon palmeri - scented beardtongue Penstemon rostriflorus - beaked beardtongue Penstemon smalli - Small's beardtongue Penstemon strictus - Rocky Mountain beardtongue Petrophyton caespitosum - Rocky Mountain rockmat Phacelia sericea - purplefringe Phlox andicola - prairie phlox Phlox carolina - Carolina phlox Phlox diffusa - spreading phlox Phlox divaritica - wild blue phlox Phlox divaricata ssp. laphamii - Sweet William Phlox glaberrima ssp. interior - marsh phlox Phlox latifolia - mountain phlox Phlox longifolia - long-leaf phlox Phlox pilosa - downy phlox Phlox speciosa ssp. occidentalis - showy phlox Phlox stolonifer a- creeping phlox Phlox subulata - moss phlox Phlox stansburyi - cold-desert phlox Phragmites australis - common reed Physocarpus opulifolius - Atlantic ninebark Physotegia digitalis - finger false dragonhead Physostegia intermedia - slender false dragonhead Physotegia virginiana - obediant plant Phyllodoce empetriformis - pink mountain-heath Pinguicula lutea - yellow butterwort Pinguicula pumila - dwarf buttercup Pityopsis graminifolia var. graminifolia - grass-leaved golden-aster Platanus occidentalis - American sycamore Platystemon californicus - California creamcups Poa arachnifera - Texas blue grass Podophyllum peltatum - May apple Polemonium foliosissimum - towering Jacob's ladder Polemonium occidentale - western Jacob's ladder Polemonium pulcherrimum - beautiful Jacob's ladder Polemonium reptans - Greek valerian Polemonium viscosum - sticky Jacob's ladder Poliomontha incana - hoary rosemary-mint Populus balsamifera - balsam poplar Populus deltoides - eastern cottonwood Populus tremuloides - quaking aspen Porteranthus trifoliatus - bowman's root Potentilla arguta - prairie cinquefoil Potentilla glandulosa - sticky cinquefoil Potentilla nivea - snowy cinquefoil Potentilla simplex - common cinquefoil Prenanthes alba - white rattlesnake-root Prosobis glandulosa - honey mesquite Prunus mexicana - Mexican plum Prunus nigra - Canadian plum Prunus serotina - black cherry Prunus virginiana - choke cherry Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium ssp. obtusifolium - blunt-leaf rabbit tobacco Psilotrophe cooperi - white-stem paper flower Psilotrophe tagetina - woolly paper-flower Psorothamnus fremontii var. fremontii - Fremont indigo bush Ptelea trifoliata - common hoptree Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida - pasqueflower Purshia stansburiana - quinine bush Pulsatilla patens ssp. multifida - pasqueflower Pyrola asarifolia - pink wintergreen Pyrola elliptica - shinleaf Quercus alba - northern white oak Quercus coccinea - scarlet oak Quercus gambelli - Rocky Mountain white oak Quercus macrocarpa - burr oak Quercus marilandica - blackjack oak Quercus michauxii - swamp chestnut oak Quercus muehlenbergii - Chinkapin oak Quercus palustris - pin oak Quercus phellos - willow oak Quercus rubra - northern red oak Quercus stellata - post oak Quercus virginiana - coastal live oak Ranunculus abortivus - early wood buttercup Ranunculus alismifolius - meadow buttercup Ranunculus cardiophyllus - heart-leaf buttercup Ranunculus fascicularis - tufted buttercup Ranunculus occidentalis - western buttercup Ratibida columnifera - red-spike Mexican hat Ratibida pinnata - grey-head Mexican hat Rhexia mariana - Maryland meadow beauty Rhexia virginica - meadow beauty Rhodiola integrifolia ssp. integrifolia - rosewort Rhododendron arborescens - smooth azalea Rhododendron calendulaceum - flame azalea Rhododendron canadense - rhodora Rhododendron canescens - mountain azalea Rhododendron catawbiense - purple rhododendron Rhododendron maximum - great laurel Rhododendron oblongifolium - Texas azalea Rhododendron periclymenoides - pink azalea Rhododendron prinophyllum - early azalea Rhododendron vaseyi - pink-shell azalea Rhododendron viscosum - swamp azalea Rhus aromatica - fragrant sumac Rhus copallinum - winged sumac Rhus glabra - smooth sumac Rhus lanceolata - prairie sumac Rhus micropylla - little-leaf sumac Rhus typhina - staghorn sumac Rhyncospora latifolia - sand-swamp whitetop Ribes aureum - golden currant Ribes aureum var. villosum - buffalo currant Ribes laxiflorum - trailing black currant Robinia hispida - bristly locust Robinia pseodoacacia - black locust Rosa acicularis - wild rose Rosa arkansana var. suffulta - prairie rose Rosa carolina - Carolina rose Rosa palustris - swamp rose Rosa setigera var. tomentosa - Illinois rose Rosa nutkana - Nootka rose Rosa woodsii - Wood's rose Rubus parviflorus - western thimbleberry Rubus odoratus - purple-flowering rasberry Rudbeckia fulgida - orange coneflower Rudbeckia grandiflora var. alismifolia - large coneflower Rudbeckia hirta - black-eyed susan Rudbeckia laciniata - cut-leaf coneflower Rudbeckia triloba - brown-eyed susan Ruellia caroliniensis - Carolina wild petunia Ruellia humilis - fringe-leaf wild petunia Sabal minor - dwarf palmetto Sabatia angularis - rose-pink Sabatia campestris - meadow pink Sabatia dodecandra - large marsh-pink Sagittaria latifolia - arrowhead Salix discolor - pussy willow Salvia azurea var. grandiflora - blue sage Salvia columbariae - California sage Salvia lyrata - lyre-leaf sage Sambucus nigra ssp. caerula - black elder Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis - common elder Sambucus racemosa var. racemose - scarlet elder Sambucus racemosa var. melancarpa - silver buffalo-berry Sanguinaria canadensis - bloodroot Sapindus saponaria var. drummondii - soapberry Sassafras albidum - sassafras Saururus cernuus - lizard's tail Saxifraga bronchialis - yellow-spot saxifrage Schizachyrium scoparium - little false bluestem Sedum nuttllianum - yellow stonecrop Sedum ternatum - woodland stonecrop Senecio pseudoarnica - seabeach senecio Shepherdia argentea - silver buffalo-berry Shepherdia candensis - russet buffalo-berry Shortia galacifolia - Oconee-bells Sideroxylon lanuginosum ssp. oblongilfolium - gum elastic tree Silene acaulis - moss campion Silene caroliniana - sticky catchfly Silene douglasii - seabluff catchfly Silene regia - royal catchfly Silene stellata - starry campion Silene virginica - fire-pink Silphium integrifolium - entire-leaf rosinweed Silphium laciniatum - compass plant Silphium perfoliatum - cup plant Sisyrinchium albidum - white blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium angustifolium - narrow leaf blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium campestre - prairie blue-eyed grass Sisyrinchium montanum - strict blue-eyed grass Solidago caesia - blue-stemmed goldenrod Solidago canadensis - Canadian goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis - zigzag goldenrod Solidago juncea - plume goldenrod Solidago missouriensis - Missouri goldenrod Solidago multiradiata - Rocky Mountain goldenrod Solidago nemoralis - gray goldenrod Solidago odora - sweet goldenrod Solidago rugosa - rough-leaved goldenrod Solidago sempervirens - seaside goldenrod Solidago speciosa - showy goldenrod Solidago ulmifolia - elm-leaf goldenrod Sophora affinis - Eve's necklace-pod Sorbus americana - American mountain-ash Sorbus scopulina - Cascade mountain-ash Sorghastrum nutans - yellow Indian grass Spartina pectinata - prairie cord grass Sphaeralcea ambigua - apricot globe-mallow Sphaeralcea coccinea - scarlet globe-mallow Sphaeralcea parviflora - small-leaf globe-mallow Spigelia marilandica - woodland pinkroot Spiraea alba - white meadowsweet Spirea alba var. latifolia - meadowsweet Spiraea splendens var. splendens - subalpine spiraea Spiraea tomentosa - steeplebush Sporobolus heterolepis - prairie dropseed Stanleya pinnata - golden prince's-plume Stewartia malacodendron - silky camellia Stewartia ovata - mountain camellia Stokesia laevis - stoke's aster Streptopus lanceolatus var. roseus - rosy twistedstalk Stylophorum diphyllum - celadine poppy Symphoricarpos orbiculatus - coral berry Symphyotrichum ascendens - Pacific aster Symphyotrichum divaricatum - white wood aster Symphyotrichum drummondii var. drummondii - arrow aster Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides - heath aster Symphyotrichum foliaceum var. foliceum - leafy aster Symphyotrichum laeve var. laeve - smooth aster Symphyotrichum novae-angliae - New England American aster Symphyotrichum oblongifolium - aromatic American aster Symphotrichum oolentangiense - sky-blue American aster Symphyotrichum pilosum var. pilosum - frost aster Symphyotrichum puniceum var. puniceum - swamp aster Symphyotricum sericeum - western silver American aster Symplocarpus foetidus - skunk cabbage Tephrosia virginiana - goat's rue Tetraneuris acaulis var. acaulis - butte marigold Tetraneuris scaposa var. scaposa - yellow daisy Tetraneuris grandiflora - alpine sunflower Teuchrium laciniatum - lacy germander Thalictrum dascycarpum - purple meadow rue Thalictrum dioicum - early meadow rue Thalictrum fendleri var. polycarpum - meadow rue Thalictrum pubescens - king-of-the-meadow Thalictrum thalictroides - rue anemone Thelesperma filifolium var. filifolium - showy Navajo tea Thermopsis montana - golden pea Thlaspi montanum var. fendleri - penny cress Tiarella cordifolia - heart-leaf foamflower Tilia americana - American linden Townsendia exscapa - Easter daisy Tradescantia bracteata - long-bract spiderwort Tradescantia occidentalis - prairie spiderwort Tradescantia ohiensis - Ohio spiderwort Tradescantia virginiana - Virginia spiderwort Tridens flavus - tall redtop Trientalis borealis ssp. borealis - starflower Trillium cernuum - nodding trillium Trillium erectum - purple trillium Trillium grandiflorum - large-flwered trillium Trillium ovataum - coast trillium Trillium sessile - red trillium Trillium undulatum - painted trillium Tripsacum dactyloides - eastern mock grama Trollius laxus - American globeflower Typha latifolia - broad-leaf cattail Ulmus americana - American elm Ulmus crassifolia - cedar elm Uvularia grandiflora - large flowered bellwort Uvularia sessilifolia - merrybells Vaccinium angustifolium - late lowbush blueberry Vaccinium arboreum - farkleberry Vaccinium caespitosum - dwarf huckleberry Vaccinium corymbosum - highbush blueberry Vaccinium stamineum - deerberry Vaccinium ulignosum - bog blueberry Vaccinium stamineum - deerberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea - northern mountain cranberry Verastrum californicum - corn lily Verbena canadensi - rose mock vervain Verbena gooddingii - southwestern vervain Verbena hastata - blue verbena Verbena stricta - hoary verbena Vernonia baldwinii - western ironweed Vernonia gigantea ssp. gigantea - tall ironweed Vernonia noveboracensis - New York ironweed Veronicastrum virginicum - culver's root Viburnum acerifolium - maple-leaf viburnum Viburnum dentatum - southern arrow-wood Viburnum edule - squashberry Viburnum lantanoides - hobblebush Viburnum prunifolium - smooth blackhaw Viburnum rufidulum - rusty blackhaw Viola affinis - sand violet Viola canadensis - Canadian white violet Viola labradorica - alpine violet Viola missouriensis - Missouri violet Viola palmata - early blue violet Viola pedata - bird-foot violet Viola pedatifida - prairie violet Viola pubescens - downy yellow violet Viola rostrata - long-spur violet Viola sororia - meadow violet Vitis rotundifolia - muscadine Wisteria frutescens - American wisteria Wyethia amplexicaulis - northern mule's ears Xanthisma texanum - Texas sleepy daisy Xylorhiza tortifolia var. tortifolia - Mojave woody aster Xyris ssp. - yellow-eyed grass Yucca arkansana - Arkansas yucca Yucca baccata - banana yucca Yucca brevifolia - Joshua tree Yucca glauca - soapweed glauca Zenobia pulverulenta - honeycup Zephyranthes atamasco - rain lily Zinnia grandiflora - Rocky Mountain zinnia Zizia aurea - golden alexanders