Two come to mind immediately. Wisteria and honeysuckle, both grow quickly. If you have a large area to cover, the wisteria does that nicely.

All climbers will only be fragrant during bloom time. Clematis montana odorata, a blooming white after the lilacs, has been ultravigorous for me. Early spring another vigorous clematis, armandii, is fragrant. Some honeysuckles are fragrant. You need a succession of plants. Maybe vines fronted with shrubs and perennials, a whole fragrance border? That way you could get fragrance almost all year. How much space do you have?

Hall's Japanese honeysuckle blooms for a long time.

Don't bother with wisteria..... I've grown several and they are a bit cold weather touchy, to say the least, and can take 6 or 7 years before they bloom. Honeysuckle would be good or a scented rose, like Weaterland.... vigorous and bushy.

If you wanted a rose, the best of mine is Zepherine Drouhin, first and last to bloom in my yard and never without a flower. It is also thornless. I like to grow clematis up through the rose, jackmanii is nice but not fragrant.

I would suggest lavender planted along the fence, it has fragrant leaves as well as flowers, and herbs may do more air cleaning than ordinary plants.

That would be 'Westerland'.

Too bad the neighbor doesn't bathe them and/or pick up after them.....poor dogs