First unless it was a must transplant now you did everything wrong. This is not the time that peonies LIKE to be transplanted. They prefer to be transplanted as they are going dormant in late summer and early autumn. At that time the nutriants from the leaves are retreating to the roots.
Second water the plants in well but allow the soil to dry. Do not cut back until after the stems look dead. Five days is not much to recover from having your roots torn from the soil. The roots must send out feeders before they can start recovery from the transplant. This is another reason fall is best they have the whole winter and early spring to send out feeder roots so they can send leaves up for next years development.

Good luck on your plants. I have transplanted every month of the year ank know that you must have patience when dealing with plants, pets, children and old folks.

Hi,
I don't have much experience with peonies, but I was forced to transplant a peony at almost this exact time two years ago. I split it into two pieces, and one did ok, but the other was NOT happy. It really didn't ever recover; I continued to water it, but the leaves just slowly keeled over, and were dead by late summer. HOWEVER....it was back beautifully the next year. So, make sure you planted it at the same depth it was at before (peonies are apparently picky about this), make sure it gets some water, maybe provide a little shade if it's getting scorched, and be prepared to watch it sulk for the rest of the season. Leave the leaves on it until they're dead, then remove them, and wait hopefully for next spring!

Best of luck,
Lara