I have tried this, and no, they actually die off if they are kept indoors over the winter. I've tried them indoors on several occasions, even giving them a brief vernalization period, but anything that is brought indoors seems to fail, or is left very weakened as they seem to have a big requirement for outdoor cool temperatures. Artificial growth hormones like GA3, and cytokinen, or artificial lighting does not seem to replace the outdoor winter requirements for these plants.

I would suggest burying those pots into the ground partially, and making sure that they are in well drained, and well aerated soil.

Here is a link that might be useful: Tree peonies