My answer is no, it won't hurt to re-pot. Summer is still young.

You could repot if you want to. But I think that pot is large enough. It may shoot roots through the drain hole since you have that water catcher on the bottom. Here is my white Habanero in the same style pot. Just keep them watered and fertilized and they will be happy.

Mark

It's early enough to repot if you want, still enough growing season to get the bigger plant with more pods. If you do repot, then definitely give them a day in the coolest/shadiest spot you can think of, even if it's the garage, this will stress them out the least. There is always a small risk of flower drop, so it may be a wash.

A quick and dirty way would be to throw another pot underneath, with 6" of potting soil, that would offer more breathing room for the roots that poke through, and no transplant shock.

Or you could leave them alone as habjolokia mentioned, 17 liters = 4.5 gallons, which is a pretty good sized pot for most pepper types.

I say leave them be. A 2 foot tall plant in a 4.5 gallon (17L) pot should be fine. Repotting will likely cause the plant to slow down for a while.
Bruce

My potted peppers I put out on the lawn and let them root through the bottom..I guess I'll be seeding the lawn this winter:/

Thanks for all your input. Guess I'll leave them for now. Any suggestions for what to do with the roots outside the pots? Cut them off or leave them?

I wouldnt worry about the exterior roots. The plant will take care of them as it sees fit.
Bruce