Easy answer: break one of the seed pods open and see if the seeds match.

OK, the seeds I found before weren't the peony seeds. They have to be from the Japanese Cherry growing there because I found the same seeds in the back yard and we have a Japanese Cherry close to where I found them as well. Found two peony seeds (black and shiny and round) today, one on the plant and the other on the ground. Some of the pods had split, but I looked and looked and couldn't find any more. Oh well, I'll keep a closer eye on the still-closed pods.

Caryl

You might try fastening a paper cone underneath the seed pod to catch them before they fall.

I don't get out as often as I used to and I've done that with somethings that I like to collect.

That's a good idea. Thanks.