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jjooles

Tomato Leaves - Dark smudges

JJooles
12 years ago

Afternoon All,

I'm new here and would like if i may to jump straight in with a picture of a leaf problem I'm having, I think it may be magnesium deficiency but not really sure as this is the very first year i have grown tomatoes, (my uncle made it look so easy)

Quite a few of the leaves have dark smudges on them, they are not on the underside of the leaves just the top, the smudges are not sticky and don't rub off, some of the lower leaves have yellow patches but none of the smudges, could it be sun scald? as the leaves did get wet a few days when i didn't adequately ventilate the greenhouse

Any guidence would be greatly appreciated

Thanks

Jjooles

Here is a link that might be useful:

Comments (4)

  • terrybull
    12 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    magnesium deficiency is not the problem. are you getting those spots on the branches and stem?

  • JJooles
    Original Author
    12 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Hi terrybull,

    no spots on the branches or stem's.
    I do have one tomato plant with knarly bits on the middle of the main stem (approx 6 inches of stem, mid section only) but nowhere else.

    I did have fungus knats for about two weeks, seem to have them under control now, only a couple on sticky sheets.

    Thanks
    Jooles

    Here is a link that might be useful:

  • terrybull
    12 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Bacterial diseases can ramp up on greenhouse tomato seedlings long before symptoms become obvious. Bacterial speck (Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato), bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria) and bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) are three diseases that can wreak havoc in the greenhouse.
    Symptoms of both bacterial speck and bacterial spot appear as dark blotches and/or spots on the leaves. Sometimes these blotches/spots are nearly black, but they can also be light brown. A yellow "halo" can surround these blotches/spots but may not always be present.
    Bacterial canker looks different than other bacterial diseases. Canker causes a light browning along the leaf mid-veins and extends down the petiole. It is easy to overlook canker infection because it can mimic other disorders, including stress from drying. Bacterial canker symptoms do not appear to be "disease-like" compared to bacterial speck and spot.

    Disease spread
    In general, bacteria are spread via splashing water between plants and require a wound or a natural opening to gain entrance. A wound can be as small as a microscopic abrasion. Bacteria can move into a leaf via natural openings along the leaf edge. This can result in a dark fringing along the leaves� outer edge.
    Bacterial speck, bacterial spot and bacterial canker can be introduced to a tomato seedling via the seed. Bacteria can occur on the seed coat, but the bacterial canker bacteria can sometimes be inside the seed.
    When the seed coat stays attached to the cotyledons following emergence, any bacteria on the seed coat can move to the seedling. They reproduce rapidly when conditions are warm and wet.
    Bacteria move between plants by splashing water. Overhead watering allows bacteria to move readily from diseased transplants to adjacent healthy transplants. When the greenhouse humidity is especially high, the bacteria can become encapsulated within tiny airborne water droplets and may move within the greenhouse via water aerosols.
    Bacteria can also be introduced to tomato seedlings via diseased plant residue left in the greenhouse. Old foliage may serve as a source of bacteria to infect a new group of seedlings.

    Start control early
    Bacterial control is best begun even before there is a sign of disease. Start with tomato seed that has been tested for bacterial pathogens and commercially treated. Growers can treat the seed themselves including using a hot water treatment. Although this treatment can be effective, the high temperature can hurt germination. Hot water treatment is not used widely but may be an option for those who are looking for relief from bacteria and are growing transplants for the organic industry and have limited options.
    Keep the environment and foliage as dry as possible to limit the spread and development of bacterial diseases. Both conventional and organic growers can apply copper fungicide sprays to help limit diseases. Some bacterial pathogens may not respond to copper if they have mutated and developed resistance. Growers cannot immediately determine whether their particular bacterial problem responds to copper.
    Based on research trials at Michigan State University, it is best to begin a copper spray program on tomato transplants as soon as the true leaves emerge and to re-apply the sprays every five days. To stay within label specifications of a seven-day application interval, copper-based products may need to be alternated. Streptomycin (i.e., AG Streptomycin and Agri-mycin 17) can also be used alone or in combination with copper products to limit bacterial disease on greenhouse tomato transplants. Check with state extension officials to ensure streptomycin is registered in your state. Tanos is labeled to suppress bacterial diseases.

    Developing problems
    Problems can develop as seedlings develop. Alternaria and Botrytis can cause problems as the seedlings grow and the lower leaves age, overlap and develop a canopy. Alternaria is also known as early blight and first appears on the oldest leaves mimicking a bulls-eye target with concentric rings in the spot/blotch. Botrytis is everywhere within the environment and is best known as grey mold because of its fuzzy grey spore masses that are produced on diseased leaves and stems. It is not uncommon for Botrytis to infect older tomato transplants via the cotyledons which are clinging to the stem. The pathogen then progresses into the stem and may constrict and girdle it.
    Botrytis and Alternaria require the leaves stay wet for at least four to six hours so their spores can germinate and grow into the plant and cause disease. If the relative humidity is high during the day and the temperature drops even a degree or two, the moisture in the air can condense onto the foliage as a fine film and provide enough water for the spores to germinate and infect the plant.
    Botytis is primarily a greenhouse problem but may also occur in low and high tunnels if there is inadequate ventilation and air movement. Once plants are moved outside, there is better air circulation and Botrytis becomes less of a problem.
    Alternaria is a common problem in field production where it can overwinter in tomato plant debris. It can also occur on seedlings in the greenhouse.
    Botrytis and Alternaria spores move on air currents within the greenhouse. Since they are common pathogens in the environment, the distance they might travel is not considered to be of great importance.

    Reducing disease infection
    Keeping the relative humidity lower than 85 percent and providing good air circulation limits disease. Water that accumulates under benches and tight plant spacing can contribute to pockets of high relative humidity that favors Alternaria and Botrytis.
    Preventive fungicides are nearly always applied to prevent Botrytis and Alternaria since they can be frequent problems. There are several formulations of the fungicide Dithane available that can protect greenhouse seedlings. Heritage is also available and is especially effective against Alternaria and can be used in alternation with Dithane. Tanos can be used against Alternaria and can be alternated in a treatment program along with Dithane and/or Heritage to protect tomato seedlings. Decree is recommended when Botrytis control is needed.

  • JJooles
    Original Author
    12 years ago
    last modified: 9 years ago

    Hi terrybull,

    Thank you for this valuable information :-)
    I,ve had a closer look at the stems this morning, i can now see very tiny pin tip (not pin head sized) sized black spots, its only when i took a sucker off and noticed it looked healthier (greener) than the tomato plant that i noticed these spots.
    They are not sticky and do not smudge when rubbed does this help in any way towards a diagnosis, i understand how difficult it is without actually seeing it and from the information terrybull has kindly provided above some pesky bacterial infections can look very much alike in the early stages