I don't see why you couldn't - it isn't hardy except in zone 9 and up, but you could bring it into a warm area for the winter and re-start it in the spring. Since it is such a slow grower, I doubt it would put on a display for you - better to buy a new one each year and trade it to someone in a warmer climate.

There are quite a lot of cultivars and you might want to research one of the smaller less thorny ones which would be more managable if you are shifting it around. The link is to a commercial outfit but there is a lot of info including how to bring them in for the winter.

Here is a link that might be useful: bougainvillea