Perhaps buttercup?

The leaves look very much like a weed I'm struggling with, which I'm told is bindweed. The tuber on mine is not large though, it's slender and no longer than a finger. It spreads by runners. I reduced mine somewhat this year by spraying individual leaves with Roundup then repeating on any that came back. As you said, pulling alone just doesn't work. Good luck with this one, and patience!

I think it looks like wild ginger. Bindweed looks more like morning glory and is an ivy.

Here is a link that might be useful: google images

First year stage of garlic mustard?

Definitely not Garlic Mustard, it does not spread vegetatively (thank goodness, it's bad enough as it is!!). Definitely not Wild Ginger, at least not the native one. Unfortunately, I don't know what it actually is! Reminds me of some Campanula I saw in another thread, at least that's the best ID they came up with (on Name That Plant). Doesn't it ever flower?

Here is a link that might be useful: Very invasive but what is it?

that's what I thought is a campanula. definitely not bindweed, I have both, and both are horrid! when or if it flowers, campanula sends up beautiful stalks of bell shaped flowers. However DO NOT let the pretties go to seed- they are EVERYWHERE! I swear they explode! Campanula also spreads in the ground as well.