I am not sure what your plant is, but I wouldn't assume it is a cross between a tree and a vine. Many woody vines grow main stems that are tree-like when they mature. Some, like trumpet creeper and poison ivy, can be get 6 inches or more thick and very sturdy.

Trumpet Creeper might be a possibility for your mystery vine except that it doesn't have thorns. Another possibility is that you are looking at a honey Locust with a vine growing on it. Honey Locust has large thorns, locust-like leaves, and bark that is omething like Sycamore bark, but it is not a vine.

It is helpful, when wishing to have a plant identified, to know what part of the country you live in.